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1.
Rev. bras. educ. espec ; 29: e0196, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449587

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Este artigo explora as texturas táteis que têm sido utilizadas na confecção de mapas e imagens temáticas para crianças com deficiência visual no Chile nos últimos 20 anos. De um grupo representativo composto por mais de 300 lâminas de conteúdo educacional inclusivo, foram selecionadas 14 texturas para identificar sua natureza, propriedades psicofísicas e características morfológicas a partir de sua composição geométrica. O objetivo foi gerar as bases teóricas e tecnológicas relacionadas ao design e à produção digital de mapas, imagens e gráficos táteis. O trabalho buscou tipificar as formas de relevo e suas possíveis aplicações pelo uso de padrões de repetição que permitam melhorar a linguagem e o reconhecimento das texturas envolvidas com o intuito de expandir e diversificar seu uso em material educativo inclusivo no ensino e na disseminação do conhecimento por meio do toque.


ABSTRACT: This article explores the textures that have been used in the development of thematic maps and images for children with visual impairment in Chile over the last 20 years. From a representative group of more than 300 sheets of inclusive educational content, 14 textures were selected to identify their nature, psychophysical properties and morphological characteristics based on their geometric composition. The aim was to generate the theoretical and technological grounds related to the design and digital production of tactile maps, images, and graphics. The work sought to typify the embossed shapes and their possible applications by using repetition patterns that allow to improve the language and recognition of the textures involved, with the intention of expanding and diversifying their use in inclusive educational material in the teaching and dissemination of knowledge through tact.

2.
Braz. dent. sci ; 26(1): 1-17, 2023. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1412901

ABSTRACT

Objective: the aim of this study was to analyse the performance of the technique of texture analysis (TA) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) as a tool for identification of possible changes in individuals with migraine headache (MH) by relating the findings to the presence of internal derangements. Material and Methods: thirty MRI scans of the TMJ were selected for study, of which 15 were from individuals without MH or any other type of headache (control group) and 15 from those diagnosed with migraine. T2-weighted MRI scans of the articular joints taken in closed-mouth position were used for TA. The co-occurrence matrix was used to calculate the texture parameters. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the groups for gender, disc function and disc position, whereas Mann-Whitney's test was used for other parameters. The relationship of TA with disc position and function was assessed by using logistic regression adjusted for side and group. Results: the results indicated that the MRI texture analysis of articular discs in individuals with migraine headache has the potential to determine the behaviour of disc derangements, in which high values of contrast, low values of entropy and their correlation can correspond to displacements and tendency for non-reduction of the disc in these individuals. Conclusion: the TA of articular discs in individuals with MH has the potential to determine the behaviour of disc derangements based on high values of contrast and low values of entropy (AU)


Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o desempenho da técnica de análise de textura (AT) em exames de ressonância magnética (RM) das articulações temporomandibulares (ATM) como ferramenta para identificação de possíveis alterações em indivíduos com cefaléia migrânea (CM) relacionando os achados com a presença de desarranjos internos. Material e Métodos: trinta exames de RM das ATM foram selecionados para estudo, sendo 15 de indivíduos sem cefaleia migrânea ou qualquer outro tipo de cefaléia (grupo controle) e 15 diagnosticados com CM. As imagens de RM ponderadas em T2 das articulações realizadas na posição de boca fechada foram usadas para AT. A matriz de co-ocorrência foi usada para calcular os parâmetros de textura. O teste exato de Fisher foi usado para comparar os grupos quanto ao sexo, função do disco e posição do disco, enquanto o teste de Mann-Whitney foi usado para os demais parâmetros. A relação da AT com a posição e função do disco foi avaliada por meio de regressão logística ajustada para lado e grupo. Resultados: a AT por RM dos discos articulares em indivíduos com cefaleia migrânea tem o potencial de determinar o comportamento dos desarranjos discais, em que altos valores de contraste, baixos valores de entropia e sua correlação podem corresponder a deslocamentos e tendência a não redução do disco nesses indivíduos. Conclusão: a análise de textura dos discos articulares em indivíduos com CM tem potencial para determinar o comportamento dos desarranjos do disco com base em altos valores de contraste e baixos valores de entropia. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders , Temporomandibular Joint Disc , Headache Disorders
3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408525

ABSTRACT

Las aplicaciones de análisis de texturas y su extracción de características son consideradas tendencias de investigación en las neurociencias. La textura como método de análisis de imágenes ha mostrado resultados prometedores en la detección de lesiones visibles y no visibles, y en estudios de tomografía computarizada (TC) son escasos. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la aplicabilidad del procesamiento automático de índices de texturas homogéneas en la estimación volumétrica de la sustancia gris cerebral en imágenes de TC craneal. Para ello se utilizaron imágenes artificiales con regiones predefinidas y la selección de imágenes de TC en los pacientes con indicaciones previas de TC de cráneo. Dos pasos fundamentales son conducidos para la implementación de este enfoque. Como resultado se obtuvo un método automático de reconocimiento de patrones sin ventanas por medio de la extracción de características de textura homogéneas a través de la matriz de co-ocurrencia(AU)


Texture analysis applications and their extraction of features are considered research trends in neuroscience. Texture as a method of image analysis has shown promising results in the detection of visible and non-visible lesions, and in computed tomography (CT) studies they are scarce. The present research aims to determine the applicability of the automatic processing of homogeneous texture indices in the volumetric estimation of brain gray matter in cranial CT images. For this, artificial images with predefined regions and the selection of CT images were used in patients with previous indications for CT of the skull. Two fundamental steps are taken for the implementation of this approach. As a result, an automatic windowless pattern recognition method was obtained by means of the extraction of homogeneous texture characteristics through the co-occurrence matrix(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Neurosciences/trends , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
4.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2022. 116 p. tab, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1396694

ABSTRACT

A fim de atender à demanda do público que atualmente busca por alimentos mais saudáveis, as indústrias têm procurado alternativas que possibilitem a aplicação de ingredientes que agreguem valor nutricional aos produtos. A redução de gorduras saturadas e trans em produtos alimentícios, bem como a inserção de cereais ou farinhas nutricionais, vem sendo aplicadas em produtos de panificação. Biscoitos recheados possuem como bases geralmente biscoitos à base de farinha de trigo. O objetivo foi desenvolver formulação de biscoitos recheados com substituição de gordura vegetal por organogel no recheio e de farinha de trigo por farinha de sorgo no biscoito, a fim de agregar valor nutricional ao produto. Foram desenvolvidos biscoitos recheados: 1) recheio controle e com substituição da gordura vegetal dos recheios por organogel elaborado com sistema emulsionado (colágeno + óleo vegetal + água), a fim de diminuir concentrações de gorduras saturadas e trans. 2) para a base elaborouse biscoitos controle (farinha de trigo) e com substituição parcial e total de farinha de trigo por farinha de sorgo em 50% (50FS) e 100% (100FS). Foram conduzidas nos recheios e das bases dos biscoitos análises físicas e físico-químicas (textura, atividade de água, cor, composição centesimal e reologia) para avaliação e para análise de estabilidade de 6 semanas. Os resultados apresentaram que o biscoito 50FS obteve melhor valor de textura (Controle: 16,09 ± 1,28 N; 50FS: 19,63 ± 5,68 N e 100FS: 10,09 ± 0,65 N) e menor teor de atividade de água (Semana 01: 0,327±0,01 e Semana 06: 0,389 ± 0,00) do que o biscoito controle, durante análise de estabilidade. O biscoito 100FS apresentou coloração mais avermelhada. Os biscoitos 50FS e 100FS apresentaram maior teor proteico do que o controle (Controle: 5,37 ± 0,23 %; 50FS: 5,64 ± 0,49 % e 100FS: 5,75 ± 0,49 %). O recheio com organogel apresentou maior dureza (N) durante análise de estabilidade do que o recheio controle (Semana 6 Organogel: 6,81±1,48; Controle: 4,29±0,38). Os parâmetros de adesividade, coesividade e gomosidade do recheio com organogel não apresentaram diferenças significativas (p > 0,05). Os valores de atividade de água da formulação com organogel foram mais altos do que o recheio controle (Semana 6 Organogel: 0,730±0,00; Controle: 0,555±0,01). O valor de L* foi maior para o recheio controle, apresentando coloração mais amarelada do que a formulação com organogel. O recheio com organogel apresentou redução de 65 % do teor lipídico e aumento do teor proteico. Os recheios controle, com organogel e de mercado apresentaram comportamento tixotrópico durante a avaliação reológica, sendo que o produto de mercado teve comportamento próximo à formulação controle, com recuperação quase total da estrutura. Foram desenvolvidos cinco produtos, sendo três inovadores com valor nutricional agregado, atendendo às legislações vigentes, vida útil mínima de 6 semanas e ao apelo do mercado atual, podendo ser comercializados como biscoito recheado


In order to satisfy the demand of the public that is currently looking for healthier foods industries have been looking for alternatives that allow the application of ingredients that add nutritional value to the products. The reduction of saturated and trans fats in food products, as well as the insertion of cereals or nutritional flours, has been applied in bakery products. Filled cookies are usually based on wheat flour. The objective was to develop a formulation of filled cookies with replacement of vegetable fat for organogel in the filling and wheat flour for sorghum flour in the biscuit, in order to add nutritional value to the product. In this study, cookies filled with vegetable fat and wheat flour were used as a control where: 1) filling was replaced by organogel elaborated with an emulsified system (collagen + vegetable oil + water); and 2) base was prepared with partial and total replacer of wheat flour for sorghum flour in 50% (50FS) and 100% (100FS). Physical and physicochemical analyzes (texture, water activity, color, proximate composition and rheology) were carried out on the fillings and bases of the biscuits for evaluation and for the stability analysis of 6 weeks. The results showed that the 50FS cookies had a better texture value (Control: 16,09±1,28 N; 50FS: 19,63±5,68N and 10,09±0,65 N) and lower content of water activity (Week 1: 0,327±0,01 and Week 6: 0,389±0,00) than the control cookie during stability analysis. The 100FS had a more reddish color. The 50FS and 100FS cookies had a higher protein content than the control (Control: 5,37±0,23 %; 50FS 5,64±0,49 %). The fillings with organogel showed a higher hardness (N) than the control during stability analysis (Week 6 Organogel: 6,81±1,48; Control: 4,29±0,38). The parameters of adhesiveness, cohesiveness and guminess of the filling with organogel showed no significant differences (p> 0.05). The water activity values of the organogel formulation were higher than the control filling (Week 6 Organogel: 0,730±0,00; Control: 0,555±0,01). The value of L * was higher for the control filling, showing a more yellowish color than the formulation with organogel. The filling with organogel showed a 65% reduction in lipid content and an increase in protein content. The control, organogel and market fillings showed a thixotropic behavior in the rheological evaluation, and the market product had a behavior close to the control formulation, with almost total recovery of the structure. Five products were developed, three of which were innovative with added nutritional value, in compliance with current legislation, a minimum shelf life of 6 weeks, which can be sold as a stuffed cookies.


Subject(s)
Plant Oils , Food Production , Cookies , Fats/administration & dosage , Rheology/instrumentation , Staining and Labeling/instrumentation , Edible Grain/adverse effects , Collagen/adverse effects , Sorghum/classification , Date of Validity of Products , Flour/analysis , Hardness , Industry/classification , Nutritive Value
5.
rev. udca actual. divulg. cient ; 24(1): e1863, ene.-jun. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1290434

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Las salchichas de pollo son consumidas de forma masiva, al ser una buena alternativa a productos cárnicos de vacuno y cerdo, debido a su fácil acceso y bajo precio. En el mercado, se disponen de presentaciones con características heterogéneas, que identifican la calidad de cada marca. El objetivo fue determinar la composición proximal, pH, características de textura, color y la generación de descriptores sensoriales de cinco marcas comerciales de salchichas de pollo, tipo hot dog. Las muestras fueron adquiridas en supermercados de Huánuco y Lima, Perú. Se realizó una caracterización proximal, pH, color empleando la escala CIELAB y el perfil de textura (TPA), mientras que, para los descriptores sensoriales, se empleó la técnica de free listing empleando 96 consumidores. Las salchichas presentaron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) respecto a la composición proximal, textura y atributos colorimétricos, debido a la variedad de ingredientes en su formulación y las características tecnológicas del procesamiento. Se seleccionaron 19 descriptores, según el número de menciones, siendo, en su mayoría, asociados a la textura y sabor y, en menor porcentaje, a la apariencia y el olor. Estos atributos, se asocian a patrones culturales y la capacidad de verbalización de características sensoriales. Las propiedades determinadas, en este estudio, contribuyen al desarrollo de productos alternativos, debido a que recogen necesidades que el consumidor demanda, al momento de realizar decisiones de compra.


ABSTRACT Chicken sausages are consumed massively because they are a good alternative to beef and pork products. In the market, there are presentations with heterogeneous characteristics, which identify the quality of each brand. The purpose was to determine the proximate composition, pH, traits of texture, color, and the generation of sensorial descriptors of 5 commercial brands of chicken sausages hot dogs type. The samples were acquired in supermarkets located in Huanuco and Lima, Peru. The sausages were characterized in terms of proximate composition, pH, color through the CIELAB scale and the texture profile (TPA), while for sensory descriptors generation the free listing technique based on 96 consumers was used. The sausages presented significant differences (p<0,05) with regards to the proximate composition, texture, and colorimetric attributes due to the variety of the ingredients in their formulation and their technological processing traits. 19 descriptors were selected according to the number mentioned, with the majority associated to texture and taste and the minority to appearance and smell. These attributes are associated to cultural patterns and the verbal capacity of the sensory traits. The properties determined in this study contributed to the development of alternative products, because collected the traits that the consumers wanted at the time of making decisions during purchase.

6.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(3): 935-940, jun. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385402

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: Diversos estudios reportan que el tipo de alimento influye directamente en los patrones cinemáticos de la masticación. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y comparar los ciclos masticatorios de participantes adultos y completamente dentados durante la masticación de alimentos de diferente textura y dureza (maní y zanahoria) utilizando articulografía electromagnética 3D. Se evaluaron 11 participantes sanos (5 hombres; 6 mujeres), de 31,9 ± 5,2 años de edad. Mediante articulografía electromagnética 3D, se registró la masticación de dos alimentos de prueba (maní y zanahoria). Los datos de movimiento mandibular fueron procesados con MATLAB® y obteniendo diferentes parámetros-frecuencia masticatoria en ciclos por segundo, velocidad de descenso y ascenso mandibular, área de las proyecciones de cada ciclo masticatorio en los tres planos del espacio-que fueron comparados según tipo de alimento y género de los participantes. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las áreas de los ciclos masticatorios en el plano horizontal según tipo de alimento, siendo mayor para la masticación de zanahoria (P=,003). Así mismo, se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las áreas sagitales de los ciclos entre hombres y mujeres, siendo mayor en mujeres (P=,042). Nuestros resultados concuerdan con otros estudios que afirman que la textura del alimento influye en las características cinemáticas de los ciclos masticatorios.


SUMMARY: Several studies report that the type of food directly influences the kinematic patterns of mastication. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the chewing cycles of adult and fully dentate participants during the mastication of foods of different texture and hardness (peanuts and carrots) using 3D electromagnetic articulography. Eleven healthy participants (5 men; 6 women), 31.9 ± 5.2 years old, were evaluated. By means of 3D electromagnetic articulography, the mastication of two test foods (peanuts and carrots) was recorded. The data associated to mandibular movement were processed with MATLAB® obtaining different parameters-masticatory frequency in cycles per second, mandibular descent and ascent rate, area of the projections of each masticatory cycle in the three planes of space-which were compared according to type of food and sex of the participants. Statistically significant differences were found between the areas of the masticatory cycles in the horizontal plane according to type of food, being greater for carrots (P=.003). Likewise, statistically significant differences were detected between the sagittal areas of the cycles between men and women, being greater in women (P=.042). Our results agree with other studies that affirm that the texture of the food influences the kinematic characteristics of the masticatory cycles.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Hardness , Mastication/physiology , Biomechanical Phenomena , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Electromagnetic Phenomena
7.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 48(3)jun. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388491

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN En el presente trabajo se utilizaron granos de kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) popeado y laminado como ingrediente funcional para elaborar una barrita destinadas a la población infantil/embarazo/lactancia y población en general. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar su aporte nutricional, calidad microbiológica y textura de los granos precocidos y de las barras formuladas. Se elaboraron dos productos precocidos de kiwicha: popeado y laminado. Las determinaciones fueron: Cuantificación de amilosa/amilopectina, almidón resistente (AR), fitoesteroles, lisina disponible, calidad proteica y caracterización microbiológica. A partir de estos productos obtenidos se formularon barras funcionales de kiwicha (con granos popeado y laminado) y se determinó: composición proximal y porcentaje del Valor Diario (% VD), % de Ingesta Dietética de Referencia (% IDR) y se realizó la prueba de Análisis de Perfil de Textura. Las barras funcionales de kiwicha presentaron un alto aporte calórico, proteico (9,83-9.85 g/100g), de buena calidad proteica (cómputo químico >100) y alto aporte de fibra. La porción cubre el 11% de IDR de proteínas para niños. Los granos de kiwicha precocidos tuvieron: bajo contenido de amilosa y AR, alto contenido de fitoesteroles. La textura de las barras fue diferente según el método de pre-cocción utilizado en el grano de kiwicha. La incorporación de granos de kiwicha precocidos permitió obtener un producto alimenticio funcional de alto valor nutricional por su aporte proteico, fibra y fitoesteroles, destinado a diferentes momentos biológicos.


ABSTRACT In the present work, popped and laminated kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) grains were used as a functional ingredient to elaborate a bar intended for the child / pregnant / lactating, and general population. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate its nutritional contribution, microbiological quality and texture of precooked grains and formulated bars. Two precooked kiwicha products were made: popped and laminated. The determinations were: quantification of amylose / amylopectin, resistant starch (RS), phytosterols, available lysine, protein quality and microbiological characterization. From these obtained products, kiwicha functional bars (with popped and laminated grains) were formulated and the following were determined: proximal composition and percentage of Daily Value (% DV), % of Reference Dietary Intake (% RDI) and the Texture Profile Analysis test was performed. The functional kiwicha bars presented a high caloric and protein intake (9.83-9.85 g/100 g), good protein quality (chemical count>100) and high fiber intake. The serving covers 11% of the protein RDI for children. Precooked kiwicha grains had: low amylose and RS content and high phytosterols content. The texture of the bars was different according to the pre-cooking method used in the kiwicha grain. The incorporation of precooked kiwicha grains allowed for the obtainment of a functional food product of high nutritional value due to its protein and phytosterols contribution, destined for different biological moments.

8.
Vitae (Medellín) ; 28(2): 1-14, 2021-05-18. Ilustraciones
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1363249

ABSTRACT

Background: One of the most used and effective preservation strategies in foods is drying. However, there are problems with the rheological properties, color, and viability of lactic acid bacteria in the yogurt once reconstituted when applying such conservation strategies. Objectives: Determine the concentration of the type of texture improver and drying that minimizes the negative effect on the rheological, color, and microbiological properties of a reconstituted yogurt powder. Methods: Intended to determine the texture improver which increases rheological properties of reconstituted yogurt powder, a mixture type experimental design was applied where three texture improvers were assessed; carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (mass fraction 0 - 1), pectin (mass fraction 0 - 1), and xanthan gum (mass fraction 0 - 1). The rheological parameters; consistency index (K), flow behavior (n), viscosity at 100s-1 (η), the storage (G') and loss (G'') modules, and the phase shift angle (δ) of each of the reconstitutions were considered as design-dependent variables. Secondly, a central composite design (face-centered) was used for assessing the effectiveness of the drying (convection, spray-drying, and freeze-drying), the concentration of the texture improver (0.0 - 1.0 %), and the yogurt powder concentration (8.0 - 15.0 %). The above-mentioned rheological parameters, color, and viability of the lactic acid bacteria from each reconstituted yogurt powder were considered as the dependent variables. Optimization sought to match the parameters of reconstituted yogurt powder that approximated the conditions of fresh yogurt. Results: The independent variables in their lineal expression and some interactions between them had statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). At a concentration of 10.59 % with 0.03 % xanthan gum, the reconstitution of freeze-dried yogurt powder was the optimized condition (p < 0.05) and obtained the rheological, color, and microbiological parameters closest to fresh yogurt. Conclusions: The drying of the yogurt by freeze-drying mixed with xanthan gum as a texture improver allowed to obtain a reconstituted yogurt with properties close to the fresh product for direct consumption


Antecedentes: Una de las estrategias de conservación más utilizadas y efectivas en los alimentos es el secado. Sin embargo, existen problemas en las propiedades reológicas, el color y la viabilidad de bacterias ácido lácticas en el yogur una vez reconstituido al aplicar tales estrategias de conservación. Objetivos: Determinar la concentración del tipo de mejorador de textura y secado que minimiza el efecto negativo sobre las propiedades reológicas, de color y microbiológicas de un yogur en polvo reconstituido. Métodos: Para determinar el mejorador de textura que aumente las propiedades reológicas del yogur en polvo reconstituido, se aplicó un diseño experimental de tipo de mezcla donde se evaluaron tres mejoradores de textura; carboximetilcelulosa (CMC) (fracción de masa 0 -1), pectina (fracción de masa 0 -1) y goma xantan (fracción de masa 0 -1); los parámetros reológicos: índice de consistencia (K), comportamiento de flujo (n), viscosidad a 100s-1 (η), módulos de almacenamiento (G') y pérdida (G''), y ángulo de desfase (δ) de cada una de las reconstituciones fueron considerados como variables dependientes. En segundo lugar, se utilizó un diseño central compuesto (centrado a las caras) para evaluar el efecto del tipo de secado (convección, secado por aspersión y liofilización), la concentración del mejorador de textura (0.0 - 1.0 %) y concentración del yogur en polvo (8.0 - 15.0 %). Como variables dependientes se consideraron los parámetros reológicos mencionados anteriormente, el color y la viabilidad de las bacterias ácido lácticas de cada yogur en polvo reconstituido. La optimización buscó igualar los parámetros del yogur en polvo reconstituido que se aproximaran a las condiciones del yogur fresco. Resultados: Las variables independientes en su expresión lineal y algunas interacciones entre ellas tuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0.05). La reconstitución de yogur liofilizado en polvo a una concentración de 10.59 % con 0.03 % de goma xantan, fueron las condiciones optimizadas (p < 0.05) que obtuvieron los parámetros reológicos, de color y microbiológicos más cercanos al yogur fresco. Conclusión: El secado del yogur por liofilización mezclado con goma xantan como mejorador de la textura, permitió obtener un yogur reconstituido con propiedades cercanas al producto fresco para consumo directo


Subject(s)
Humans , Freeze Drying , Rheology , Yogurt , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Food Preservation
9.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 26(1): 1-9, jan.-fev. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154116

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o potencial de perda de solo por meio da equação universal de perda de solo e identificar os fatores que controlam o processo erosivo em uma bacia hidrográfica de encosta. O fator erosividade da chuva (R) foi calculado por meio de dados normais de precipitação, obtendo-se, assim, índices mensais de erosão. O fator erodibilidade do solo (K) foi obtido a partir de uma amostragem de solo realizada por meio de uma malha de 340 pontos, na qual os valores foram interpolados pelo método da krigagem ordinária. O fator topográfico (LS) foi gerado a partir do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE), já os fatores uso e manejo e práticas conservacionistas (CP) foram obtidos por meio de observações de campo e valores tabelados. As maiores taxas de perdas abrangem 27% da área e se concentram em locais de maiores declividades nos quais predominam solos rasos, como Neossolos Litólicos e Neossolos Regolíticos. O fator LS determinou a magnitude do processo erosivo e o fator CP apresentou a maior relação com o controle das perdas de solo. Os resultados encontrados mostram a importância do fator cobertura do solo, em que medidas de manutenção da vegetação e práticas conservacionistas devem ser adotadas e consideradas pelos gestores ambientais em regiões de encosta com predomínio de solos rasos associados a relevo declivoso.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to estimate the soil loss potential through the universal soil loss equation and to identify the factors that control the erosive process in a hillside watershed. Rainfall erosivity factor (R) was calculated through normal precipitation data, thus obtaining monthly erosion indexes. The soil erodibility factor (K) was obtained from a soil sampling in an irregular grid of 340 points, in which the values were interpolated by the ordinary kriging method. The topographic factor (LS) was generated from the Digital Elevation Model (MDE) and the use and management and conservationist practices factors (CP) through field observations and tabulated values. The highest loss rates cover around 27% of the area, and are concentrated in places with higher slopes where shallow soils such as Litolics Neosols and Regolithic Neosols predominate. The LS factor determined the magnitude of the erosive process and the CP factor showed the highest relation with the soil loss control. The results found show the importance of the cover-management factor, in which measures of vegetation maintenance and conservation practices should be adopted and considered by the environmental managers in hillside regions with predominance of shallow soils associated to slope relief.

10.
São José dos Campos; s.n; 2021. 44 p. ilus, graf, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1362245

ABSTRACT

Analise de textura (AT) é um método de processamento de imagens utilizado para potencializar a capacidade de diagnóstico. Desta forma este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar os parâmetros de AT da medular do côndilo e músculo pterigóideo lateral (ventre superior) em imagens de Ressonância Magnética (RM) com o intuito de identificar possíveis alterações de indivíduos que apresentam disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), em comparação aos resultados obtidos com um grupo controle. Foram selecionados 40 exames de RM das articulações temporomandibulares de arquivo, sendo 20 exames de pacientes sem alteração na articulação temporomandibular (ATM) (grupo controle) e 20 exames de indivíduos diagnosticados com disfunção tempormandibular (grupo DTM). Todos os exames de RM foram adquiridos com o mesmo protocolo, utilizando uma bobina de superfícies bilateral de 8,0 cm de diâmetro, com imagens parassagitais látero-mediais, ponderadas em T2 e Densidade Protônica (DP), em boca fechada e máxima abertura bucal. Para a AT utilizou-se o software MaZda 4.20 (Institute of Electronics, Technical Universityof Lodz, Polônia), determinou-se a região de interesse (ROIs), sendo a mesma para todas as imagens e então foram calculados os parâmetros de textura, por meio da matriz de co-ocorrência (MCO). Os resultados foram tabulados e submetidos ao teste de Mann-Whitney. Pode-se verificar o parâmetro de Correlação (C) e o Momento da Diferença Inversa (MDI), apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante, entre os grupos analisados C x DTM verificados nas imagens ponderadas em DP, para a região da medular condilar e músculo pterigoideo lateral, respectivamente. Para as imagens analisadas em T2 nos grupos estudados, não apresentaram parâmetros que fossem estatisticamente significantes. Concluiu-se que a analise de textura é um método que potencialmente pode fornecer informações para melhorar o diagnóstico e precisão na classificação da DTM.


Texture analysis (TA) is an image processing method used to enhance the diagnostic capacity. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the TA parameters of the medullary cortex of the condyle and lateral pterygoid muscle (upper belly) in Magnetic Resonance Images(MRI) in order to identify possible changes in the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) of individuals who have temporomandibular disorder (TMD), compared to the results obtained with a control group. Forty MRI exams of the TMJ files were selected, 20 of which were patients with no TMJ alteration (control group) and 20 exams of individuals diagnosed with tempormandibular dysfunction (TMD group). All MRI exams were acquired using the same protocol, using a bilateral coil of 8.0 cm in diameter, with lateral-medial parasagital images, weighted in T2 and Protonic Density (PD), in closed mouth and maximum mouth opening. For TA, the MaZda 4.20 software (Institute of Electronics, Technical Universityof Lodz, Poland) was used, the region of interest (ROI) was determined, being the same for all images and then the texture parameters were calculated, by through the co-occurrence matrix (COM). The results were tabulated and submitted to the Mann-Whitney test. The Correlation parameter (C) and the Inverse Moment of Difference (IMD) showed a statistically significant difference between the analyzed groups C x TMD, verified in the DP-weighted images, for the condylar medullary region and lateral pterygoid muscle, respectively. For the images analyzed in T2 in the studied groups, they did not present parameters that were statistically significant. It was concluded that texture analysis is a method that can potentially provide prognostic information to improve diagnostic accuracy in TMD classification.


Subject(s)
Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome , Statistics, Nonparametric
11.
rev. udca actual. divulg. cient ; 23(2): e1742, jul.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1157053

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El fermento natural o starter es un insumo panadero, que se ha revalorizado, en la actualidad, por sus beneficios y por su aporte de sabor. En este estudio, se determinaron los parámetros de cultivo del starter espontáneo de Lactobacillus, a partir de harina integral, para aplicarlo en la elaboración de pan campesino, en función de sus características sensoriales y mecánicas. Se elaboraron tres starters, para lo cual, se mezcló harina integral con agua, en una proporción de 45,5 y 54,5%, respectivamente; posterior a ello, se fermentaron, espontáneamente, a 20, 24 y 28°C, hasta un pH final de 4, a partir de los cuales, se elaboraron panes campesinos. Los panes fueron evaluados sensorialmente, por un panel de expertos (07), mediante una escala lineal no estructurada de 5 puntos, en cuanto a la forma ovalada, apariencia de la costra, masticabilidad de miga, gusto ácido y apariencia de los alveolos. El pan elaborado con el fermento a 24°C fue seleccionado por los panelistas, debido a que presentó puntajes superiores (p<0,05), en los atributos de apariencia de la costra (4,24), masticabilidad de la miga (5,0), gusto ácido (4,67) y apariencia de los alveolos (4,0). El fermento empleado presentó 79 x 107 UFC g-1 de bacterias acidolácticas. Finalmente, la textura del pan campesino seleccionado fue caracterizada instrumentalmente en términos de dureza (102,09N), gomosidad (43,02N), masticabilidad (37,36N), elasticidad (0,87) y cohesividad (0,42), perfil que se puede emplear como parámetro de calidad, para pan campesino y otras variedades similares.


ABSTRACT The natural ferment or sourdough starter is a bakery input that has been revalued nowadays for its benefits and flavour improve. In this study, the incubation parameters of the spontaneous Lactobacillus starter made with wholemeal flour were determined to be applied in sourdough bread production depending on its sensory and mechanical characteristics. Three starters were made with wholemeal flour mixed with water in a proportion of 45.5 and 54.5% respectively, then were fermented spontaneously at 20, 24 and 28°C until a final pH of 4, from which sourdough breads were produced. The breads were sensory evaluated by a panel of experts (07), using a 5-point unstructured linear scale, in terms of oval shape, crust appearance, crumb chewiness, sourness and alveoli appearance. The bread made with the starter at 24°C was selected because of the higher scores (p<0.05) in the attributes of crust appearance (4.24), crumb chewiness (5.0), sourness (4.67) and alveoli appearance (4.0). The starter used exhibit 79 x 107 CFU g-1 of lactic acid bacteria. Finally, the texture of the selected sourdough bread was characterized in terms of hardness (102.09N), gumminess (43.02N), chewiness (37.36N), springiness (0.87) and cohesiveness (0.42), a profile that can be used as a quality parameter for sourdough bread and other similar varieties.

12.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 47(6)dic. 2020.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388443

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The inclusion of pulse flours with higher dietary fiber content in bakery products, such as chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) flour, has been exploited by the food industry due to its nutritional and sensory characteristics. This work aimed to develop a sandwich bread with a partial substitution (7.5%, 15%, and 30%) of refined wheat flour by whole chickpea flour (WCF) and also to evaluate the effects on sensory acceptance, physicochemical parameters, and texture profile during the shelf life. Four methods for obtaining WCF were assessed and the best condition was used to produce the sandwich bread. Sensory evaluation was carried out with 65 consumers using a 9-point hedonic scale and a purchase intention scale. Firmness, elasticity, cohesiveness, chewability, and fracturability was evaluated by the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA). The specific volume, total fungi count, pH, titratable acidity, and moisture content were also determined. The nutritional composition was estimated by mass balance. Data demonstrated that there was no difference (p>0.05) in sensory evaluation of the products elaborated with different concentrations of WCF, and all samples presented good acceptance. The addition of WCF did not cause negative effects on the texture and volume characteristics of the bread. The sample with 30% WCF had adequate technological characteristics, resulting in a product with higher nutritional value, especially dietary fiber, and was well accepted by the consumers. This formulation can be used by the food industry and also in domestic preparations, contributing to the diversification and nutritional enrichment of sandwich bread.


RESUMEN La inclusión de harinas de granos no convencionales con mayor contenido de fibra dietética en productos de panadería, como la harina integral de garbanzo (HIG) (Cicer arietinum L), es utilizada por la industria alimentaria debido a sus características nutricionales y sensoriales. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un pan para sándwich (PPS) con sustitución parcial (7.5%, 15% y 30%) de harina de trigo refinada por HIG así como evaluar la aceptación sensorial, parámetros fisicoquímicos y el perfil de textura durante su vida útil. Fueron evaluados cuatro métodos para la obtención de HIG, utilizándose la mejor condición para producir el PPS. Sesenta y cinco consumidores realizaron la evaluación de aceptación sensorial e intención de compra con una escala hedónica de 9 puntos. La firmeza, la elasticidad, la cohesión, la masticabilidad y la fracturabilidad se evaluaron mediante el análisis de perfil de textura (TPA). También se determinó el volumen específico, el recuento total de hongos, el pH, la acidez titulable y el contenido de humedad. La composición nutricional se estimó por balance de masa. Todas las muestras presentaron buena aceptabilidad sin diferencias estadística. La adición de HIG no causó efectos negativos en la textura ni el volumen del PPS. La muestra con 30% de HIG tubo características tecnológicas adecuadas, resultando en un producto con mayor valor nutricional, especialmente por la fibra dietética. Esta formulación podría ser utilizada por la industria alimentaria y también en preparaciones domésticas, contribuyendo a la diversificación y al enriquecimiento nutricional del pan para sándwich.

13.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 39(3): e634, jul.-set. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1138935

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El carcinoma papilar de tiroides es la causa más frecuente de cáncer de naturaleza endocrina. Constituye la variante histológica de mejor pronóstico, sin embargo, en ocasiones es motivo de importantes dudas diagnósticas con otras variantes de evolución tórpida, lo que dificulta que un mayor número de pacientes se beneficie con un tratamiento individualizado y conservador. Por esta razón, se desarrollan estudios en los que cada vez más se añaden procedimientos morfométricos y densitométricos, los que permiten disminuir la subjetividad en el diagnóstico histopatológico. Objetivo: Determinar la densidad óptica nuclear en el carcinoma papilar de tiroides. Método: Se realizó un estudio morfométrico de serie de casos con 12 pacientes con carcinoma papilar de tiroides, atendidos en el Hospital Provincial Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin. Se seleccionaron 36 campos y se midieron 965 núcleos celulares, lo que constituyó la muestra del estudio. Se determinó la densidad óptica nuclear como indicador morfométrico del carcinoma papilar de tiroides. Resultados: El valor de la densidad óptica nuclear fue 1,14, considerado bajo. Conclusiones: Se determinó la densidad óptica nuclear del carcinoma papilar de tiroides en los casos estudiados, lo que puede contribuir a su diagnóstico histopatológico(AU)


Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent cause of endocrine cancer. It is an histological variant with the best prognosis, however, sometimes it is a reason for significant diagnostic doubts with other variants of torpid evolution, which makes it difficult for a greater number of patients to benefit from an individualized and conservative treatment. For this reason, studies are developed in which more and more morphometric and densitometric procedures are added, which allow reducing the subjectivity in the histopathological diagnosis and could represent a tool of great value. Objective: To determine the nuclear optical density in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Method: A morphometric study of a series of cases was carried out with 12 patients with this histopathological diagnosis, attended at the Vladimir Ilich Lenin University Provincial Hospital. We chose 36 fields and 965 cell nuclei were measured, which constituted the study sample. Nuclear optical density was determined as a morphometric indicator of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Results: The value of nuclear optical density was 1, 14. It is considered low. Conclusion: Nuclear optical density of papillary thyroid carcinoma was determined in the studied cases that may contribute to histopathological diagnosis(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Thyroid Neoplasms/ultrastructure , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/diagnosis , Prognosis , Cell Count/methods , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/secondary
14.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 47(3): 372-380, jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126134

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This study describes the development of mixed flour added of maca for gluten-free bread (GFB) employing a Simplex Centroid Design. Four pseudo-components were evaluated in order to improve the GFB specific volume and texture profile analysis: maca (MC; 0.25 to 0.75), potato starch (PS; 0.25 to 0.75), sweet manioc flour (SEM; 0 to 0.25), and sour manioc flour (SOM; 0 to 0.25). The best GFB formulation - by desirability results - was evaluated regarding physio-chemical, microbiological aspects, and sensory acceptance. The responses specific volume and hardness were adjusted with a special cubic model (R2= 0.973 and 0.913), while cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness was adjusted with a linear model. The significant contribution of maca into GFB dough was evident in the models, and the desirability results indicated an appropriate mixed flour composed by MC (0.25), PS (0.5), and SEM (0.25). The GFB elaborated with this mixed flour generated a product well accepted (acceptability index higher than 73.9%) for attributes of aroma, colour, texture, flavour, and overall acceptance. The values of physio-chemical parameters obtained in the present article was in the range described for GFB in the literature. In addition, the processing method applied allowed for obtaining a GFB that was microbiologically stable.


RESUMEN Este estudio describe el desarrollo de la harina mezclada (MF) agregada de maca para la elaboración de pan sin gluten (GFB) empleando un Diseño Centroide Simplex. Se evaluaron cuatro pseudo-componentes para mejorar el volumen específico y el perfil de textura de GFB: maca (MC; 0,25 a 0,75), almidón de patata (PS; 0,25 a 0,75), harina de yuca dulce (SEM; 0 a 0,25), y harina de yuca agrio (SOM; 0 a 0,25). La mejor formulación de GFB - por la deseabilidad - se evaluó en relación con los aspectos fisicoquímicos, microbiológicos, y sensoriales. El volumen específico y la dureza se ajustaron a un modelo cúbico especial (R2= 0,975 y 0,913). La cohesión, elasticidad y masticabilidad se ajustaron a un modelo lineal. La contribución de la maca a la masa de GFB fue evidente en los modelos, y los resultados indican una MF apropiada compuesta por MC (0,25), PS (0.5) y SEM (0,25). El GFB elaborado con esta MF genera un producto aceptado (índice de aceptabilidad mayor que 73,9%) para aroma, color, textura, sabor y aceptación general. Los parámetros físico-químicos obtenidos estaban en el rango descrito para GFB en la literatura y GFB se mostró microbiológicamente estable.


Subject(s)
Bread/analysis , Celiac Disease , Lepidium , Diet, Gluten-Free , Taste , Solanum tuberosum , Bread/microbiology , Manihot
15.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 47(3): 411-422, jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126139

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se estableció la caracterización de salchichas secas tipo cabanossi con carne de llama, cerdo y muestras comerciales mediante un análisis proximal (contenidos de grasa: 18,6 a 29,6% y proteína: 19,4 a 36,2%), color (C*: 15,8 a 33,7), actividad de agua (0,770 a 0,960), pH (5,2 a 6,5) y propiedades mecánicas como dureza (47,8 a 124 N) y masticabilidad (9,4 a 33,2 N). Se obtuvieron 19 descriptores a partir de la opinión de 83 consumidores; luego, se empleó el método CATA (Check-all-that-apply) para describir las características sensoriales del cabanossi empleando 55 consumidores. Se evidenció que el cabanossi con carne de llama presentó el menor contenido de grasa total y ácidos grasos saturados, y mayor contenido de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en comparación a las otras muestras. Los descriptores más utilizados fueron: olor característico/embutido, sabor a especias/condimentos, picante y sensación residual picante. Los consumidores indicaron como atributos relevantes para la aceptabilidad al color rojo claro, blando/suave, masticable y picante. La utilización de carne de llama constituye una alternativa en el desarrollo de nuevos productos cárnicos basados sobre las características presentadas.


ABSTRACT The chemical and physical characterization of cabanossi-type dry sausages made with lama meat, pork and commercial samples were performed. Remarkable differences were found in terms of fat (18.6 to 29.6%), color (15.8 to 33.7), water activity (0.770 to 0.960), pH (5.6 to 6.5), hardness (47.8 to 124 N) and chewiness (9.4 to 33.2 N). Nineteen descriptive terms based on the opinions of 83 consumers were used. Then, 55 consumers used the CATA (Check-all-that-apply) method to describe the sensory traits of cabanossi . Sausage from lama meat had the lowest total fat and saturated fatty acid content, and the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content in comparison to the other samples. The most utilized sensory terms were: characteristic odor/smell of sausage, spicy flavor and spicy after taste. For sensory acceptability, consumers selected light red color, soft/tender, chewable and spicy as the most relevant traits. The application of lama meat represents an alternative to new meat products developed based on the characteristics studied.


Subject(s)
Animals , Meat Products/analysis , Swine , Taste , Camelids, New World , Proteins/analysis , Fats/analysis
16.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 95(6): 674-681, Nov.-Dec. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056656

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a computational tool to assist radiological decisions on necrotizing enterocolitis. Methodology: Patients that exhibited clinical signs and radiographic evidence of Bell's stage 2 or higher were included in the study, resulting in 64 exams. The tool was used to classify localized bowel wall thickening and intestinal pneumatosis using full-width at half-maximum measurements and texture analyses based on wavelet energy decomposition. Radiological findings of suspicious bowel wall thickening and intestinal pneumatosis loops were confirmed by both patient surgery and histopathological analysis. Two experienced radiologists selected an involved bowel and a normal bowel in the same radiography. The full-width at half-maximum and wavelet-based texture feature were then calculated and compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Specificity, sensibility, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results: The full-width at half-maximum results were significantly different between normal and distended loops (median of 10.30 and 15.13, respectively). Horizontal, vertical, and diagonal wavelet energy measurements were evaluated at eight levels of decomposition. Levels 7 and 8 in the horizontal direction presented significant differences. For level 7, median was 0.034 and 0.088 for normal and intestinal pneumatosis groups, respectively, and for level 8 median was 0.19 and 0.34, respectively. Conclusions: The developed tool could detect differences in radiographic findings of bowel wall thickening and IP that are difficult to diagnose, demonstrating the its potential in clinical routine. The tool that was developed in the present study may help physicians to investigate suspicious bowel loops, thereby considerably improving diagnosis and clinical decisions.


RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e validar uma ferramenta computacional para auxiliar as decisões radiológicas na enterocolite necrotizante. Metodologia: Pacientes que exibiam sinais clínicos e evidências radiográficas do estágio 2 ou superior de Bell foram incluídos no estudo, que resultou em 64 exames. A ferramenta foi usada para classificar o aumento localizado da espessura da parede intestinal e a pneumatose intestinal com medidas de largura total a meia altura e análises de textura baseadas na decomposição da energia wavelet. Os achados radiológicos de aumento suspeito da espessura da parede intestinal e das alças na pneumatose intestinal foram confirmados pela cirurgia e análise histopatológica do paciente. Dois radiologistas experientes selecionaram um intestino afetado e um intestino normal na mesma radiografia. A largura total a meia altura e a característica da textura baseada em wavelet foram então calculadas e comparadas com o uso do teste U de Mann-Whitney. Foram calculados a especificidade, sensibilidade, valores preditivos positivos e negativos. Resultados: Os resultados da largura total a meia altura foram significativamente diferentes entre a alça normal e a distendida (mediana de 10,30 e 15,13, respectivamente). Medidas de energia wavelet horizontal, vertical e diagonal foram avaliadas em oito níveis de decomposição. Os níveis 7 e 8 na direção horizontal apresentaram diferenças significativas. Para o nível 7, as medianas foram 0,034 e 0,088 para os grupos normal e com pneumatose intestinal, respectivamente, e para o nível 8, as medianas foram 0,19 e 0,34, respectivamente. Conclusões: A ferramenta desenvolvida pode detectar diferenças nos achados radiográficos do aumento da espessura da parede intestinal e PI de difícil diagnóstico, demonstra seu potencial na rotina clínica. A ferramenta desenvolvida no presente estudo pode ajudar os médicos a investigar alças intestinais suspeitas e melhorar consideravelmente o diagnóstico e as decisões clínicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/diagnostic imaging , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Severity of Illness Index , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Software Validation , Radiography, Abdominal , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Statistics, Nonparametric , Wavelet Analysis , Intestines/physiopathology
17.
rev. udca actual. divulg. cient ; 22(1): e1199, Ene-Jun. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094775

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Una tendencia actual en la elaboración de quesos es sustituir la grasa láctea por su alto contenido de ácidos grasos saturados (AGS), con lípidos de origen vegetal y el aguacate por su alto contenido de ácidos grasos insaturados(AGI), principalmente, el ácido oleico y fitosteroles (campesterol, β- Sitosterol), ha sido valorado al promover beneficios saludables al consumidor. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar, con jueces, el agrado o desagrado, mediante prueba hedónica, los quesos elaborados con sustitución de grasa y analizar el perfil de textura (TPA). Se analizaron los quesos elaborados con tres niveles de pulpa, mediante prueba hedónica de 5 puntos, con 109 jueces y el análisis de perfil de textura con texturometro, modelo TA-XT2i. El T4, con el 18% de pulpa adicionada, fue el que más agradó, de acuerdo con la prueba DMS, al determinar la aceptación de los quesos, aunque no se encontró diferencias entre el T3 y el T4 y, el T2, el que menos gustó. En el análisis de perfil de textura, se encontró diferencias significativas respecto al control; la pulpa de aguacate, como sustituto de grasa en los quesos, generó bajos valores en los parámetros texturales; los quesos retienen alta humedad y bajo contenido de grasa, obteniendo un producto desmoronable, debido a la modificación de la matriz de la caseína, que es la que da rigidez a los quesos.


ABSTRACT A current trend in cheese making is to substitute milk fat for its high content of saturated fatty acids (SFA), with lipids of vegetable origin and avocado for its high content of unsaturated fatty acids (AGI) mainly oleic acid and phytosterols. (campesterol, β-Sitosterol), has been valued by promoting healthy benefits to the consumer. The objective of this study was to evaluate with judges the liking or dislike of the cheeses made with fat replacement and to analyze the texture profile (TPA). The cheeses elaborated with three levels of avocado pulp were analyzed by means of a 5point hedonic test with 109 judges and the analysis of texture profile with texturometer model TA-XT2i. The T4 with the 18% added pulp was the one liked most according to the DMS test when determining the acceptance of the cheeses, although no differences were found between the T3 and the T4; the T2 was the least liked product. In the texture profile analysis, significant differences were found with respect to the control; the avocado pulp as a substitute for fat in the cheeses generated low values in the textural parameters, the cheeses retain high humidity and low fat content, obtaining a crumbly product, due to the modification of the casein matrix which is the one that gives rigidity to the cheeses.

18.
Hig. aliment ; 33(288/289): 3072-3076, abr.-maio 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1482516

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil de textura instrumental e sensorial de fiambres elaborados com transglutaminase (TG), carne suína PSE e redução de sal. Seis formulações com carnes normais (RFN) e PSE foram formuladas contendo 2% de sal, sem sal adicionado e sem sal + TG. A remoção do sal da formulação resultou (P<0,05) em menores valores de dureza e mastigabilidade, independentemente da carne utilizada. A TG foi capaz de evitar a redução nos valores de dureza e mastigabilidade quando os produtos foram elaborados com carne RFN, mas não quando elaborado com carne PSE. A aceitação sensorial da textura foi reduzida com a redução de sal, mas este foi minimizado pela adição da TG. Concluiu-se que apesar da TG minimizar os problemas de textura oriundos da redução de sal nos fiambres, a percepção sensorial não foi favorecida.


Subject(s)
Meat/analysis , Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage , Consumer Behavior , Food Quality , Transglutaminases/administration & dosage , Swine
19.
Hig. aliment ; 33(288/289): 584-588, abr.-maio 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1482001

ABSTRACT

Os cookies são alimentos práticos e convenientes e por isso vêm fazendo parte da alimentação diária dos consumidores. Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas 5 formulações de café arábica com adição inulina em proporções variando de 0 a 100% e avaliadas suas características físicas e químicas. Todas as formulações apresentaram teor de umidade dentro do estabelecido pela legislação brasileira. Mesmo sendo padronizada a adição de lipídios nas formulações, houve diferença significativa entre as formulações, que variou de 5,97% a 24,10%. Este resultado mostrou que há uma correlação linear entre a adição de inulina e o teor de lipídios presente nas formulações. O mesmo não ocorreu no parâmetro cisalhamento, que variou de 23,75 N a 81,83 N. A não linearidade na taxa de cisalhamento dos cookies implica na interação dos diferentes componentes adicionados na formulação dos cookies. Assim, é possível o desenvolvimento de cookies de café com propriedades funcionais.


Subject(s)
Cookies , Coffee , Chemical Phenomena , Inulin/administration & dosage , Inulin/chemistry , Functional Food , Prebiotics/administration & dosage
20.
Hig. aliment ; 33(288/289): 1115-1118, abr.-maio 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1482110

ABSTRACT

Foram utilizadas amostras de peito de frangos de corte de três linhagens genéticas contendo diferentes graus de estrias brancas aparentes na superfície do músculo. Foram avaliados concentração de colesterol, percentual de gordura e força de cisalhamento (maciez). Com o aumento do grau de severidade da miopatia ocorreu o aumento de gordura e, consequentemente, da maciez da carne de peito de frangos Cobb 500 e Hubbard. Há variação da concentração de colesterol dependendo do acometimento por estrias brancas, a qual precisa ser melhor estudada. As estrias brancas aparentes na superfície do peito estão associadas à maior deposição de gordura na carcaça do frango, o que, consequentemente, pode influenciar a maciez da carne.


Subject(s)
Animals , Meat/analysis , Cholesterol/analysis , Poultry Diseases , Striae Distensae/veterinary , Chickens , Lipids/analysis , Atherosclerosis/veterinary , Muscular Diseases/veterinary
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